What's New: Fiscal Year 2016

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  1. XFELs open a new era in structural chemical biology

    17 Nov 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): Petra Fromme

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.1968 Petra Fromme Fromme, P., 2015. XFELs open a new era in structural chemical biology. Nat Chem Biol, 11(12), pp.895–899. Available at: …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/875

  2. Polarizability of Six-Helix Bundle and Triangle DNA Origami and Their Escape Characteristics from a Dielectrophoretic Trap

    16 Nov 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): Lin Gan, Fernanda Camacho-Alanis, Alexandra Ros

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02524 Lin Gan and Fernanda Camacho-Alanis and Alexandra Ros Gan, L., Camacho-Alanis, F. & Ros, A., 2015. Polarizability of Six-Helix Bundle and Triangle DNA …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/1086

  3. BioXFEL Graduate Student Cross-Training Scholarship

    11 Nov 2015 | Teaching Materials

    BioXFEL is committed to providing our students with opportunities to diversify their skill sets and integrate themselves into our highly multidisciplinary Center. In addition to the workshops, …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/CTS

  4. BioXFEL Scholar Application Form

    10 Nov 2015 | Teaching Materials

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/658

  5. Serial femtosecond crystallography of soluble proteins in lipidic cubic phase

    10 Nov 2015 | Teaching Materials

    Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) enables high-resolution protein structure determination using micrometre-sized crystals at room temperature with minimal …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/681

  6. Indexing ambiguity in SFX resolved using expectation maximization algorithm

    10 Nov 2015 | Teaching Materials

    Crystallographic auto-indexing algorithms provide crystal orientations and unit-cell parameters and assign Miller indices based on the geometric relations between the Bragg peaks observed in …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/680

  7. Stable Chromosome Condensation Revealed by Chromosome Conformation Capture

    05 Nov 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): Kyle P. Eagen, Tom A. Hartl, Roger D. Kornberg

    journal-article http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.026 Eagen, K.P., Hartl, T.A. & Kornberg, R.D., 2015. Stable Chromosome Condensation Revealed by Chromosome Conformation Capture. Cell, …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/1256

  8. Chromatin-remodeling and the initiation of transcription

    05 Nov 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): Yahli Lorch, Roger Kornberg

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033583515000116 AbstractThe nucleosome serves as a general gene repressor by the occlusion of regulatory and promoter DNA sequences. Repression is relieved by the …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/1449

  9. Introduction to XRayView Crystallographic Software

    04 Nov 2015 | Teaching Materials

    Dr. George Phillips introduces the basic concepts of crystallography focusing on the reciprocal lattice and Ewald sphere construction and using the XRayView software developed in his lab to help …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/679

  10. The Importance of Ligand-Receptor Conformational Pairs in Stabilization: Spotlight on the N/OFQ G Protein-Coupled Receptor

    03 Nov 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): Rebecca L. Miller, Aaron A. Thompson, Claudio Trapella, Remo Guerrini, Davide Malfacini, Nilkanth N Patel, Gye Won Han, Vadim Cherezov, Girolamo Caló, Vsevolod Katritch, Raymond C. Stevens

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2015.07.024 Rebecca L. Miller and Aaron A. Thompson and Claudio Trapella and Remo Guerrini and Davide Malfacini and Nilkanth Patel and Gye Won Han and Vadim Cherezov …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/1084

  11. High-resolution structures of the M2 channel from influenza A virus reveal dynamic pathways for proton stabilization and transduction

    02 Nov 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): Jessica L. Thomaston, Mercedes Alfonso-Prieto, Rahel Woldeyes, James Fraser, Michael L. Klein, Giacomo Fiorin, William F. DeGrado

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518493112 Jessica L. Thomaston and Mercedes Alfonso-Prieto and Rahel A. Woldeyes and James S. Fraser and Michael L. Klein and Giacomo Fiorin and William F. DeGrado …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/860

  12. Nucleation and Growth of Membrane Protein CrystalsIn Meso—A Fluorescence Microscopy Study

    02 Nov 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): Andrey Bogorodskiy, Fedor Frolov, Alexey Mishin, Ekaterina Round, Vitaly Polovinkin, Vadim Cherezov, Valentin Gordeliy, Georg Büldt, Thomas Gensch, Valentin Borshchevskiy

    journal-article http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.5b01061 Bogorodskiy, A. et al., 2015. Nucleation and Growth of Membrane Protein CrystalsIn Meso—A Fluorescence Microscopy Study. Crystal Growth & …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/1265

  13. Crystal Structure of the Zorbamycin-Binding Protein ZbmA, the Primary Self-Resistance Element in Streptomyces flavoviridis ATCC21892

    29 Oct 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): Jeffrey D. Rudolf, Lance Bigelow, Changsoo Chang, Marianne E. Cuff, Jeremy R. Lohman, Chin-Yuan Chang, Ming Ma, Dong Yang, Shonda Clancy, Gyorgy Babnigg, Andrzej Joachimiak, George Phillips, Ben Shen

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01008 Jeffrey D. Rudolf and Lance Bigelow and Changsoo Chang and Marianne E. Cuff and Jeremy R. Lohman and Chin-Yuan Chang and Ming Ma and Dong Yang and Shonda …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/1087

  14. Exposing Hidden Alternative Backbone Conformations in X-ray Crystallography Using qFit

    27 Oct 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): Daniel A. Keedy, James Fraser, Henry Van Den Bedem

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004507 Daniel A. Keedy and James S. Fraser and Henry van den Bedem Keedy, D.A., Fraser, J.S. & van den Bedem, H., 2015. Exposing Hidden Alternative Backbone …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/975

  15. Accurate determination of segmented X-ray detector geometry

    22 Oct 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): Oleksandr Yefanov, Valerio Mariani, Cornelius Gati, Thomas A. White, Henry Chapman, Anton Barty

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.23.028459 Oleksandr Yefanov and Valerio Mariani and Cornelius Gati and Thomas A. White and Henry N. Chapman and Anton Barty Yefanov, O. et al., 2015. Accurate …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/861

  16. Structure of an RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex

    20 Oct 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): Kenji Murakami, Kuang-Lei Tsai, Nir Kalisman, David Bushnell, Francisco J. Asturias, Roger Kornberg

    journal-article http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518255112 Murakami, K. et al., 2015. Structure of an RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/1323

  17. Overview of Serial Femtosecond Crystallography

    14 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials | Contributor(s): Petra Fromme

    Dr. Petra Fromme discusses an introductory overview to the field of serial crystallography and recent results showing the potential power of the technique.

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/668

  18. Virus Crystallography

    14 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials | Contributor(s): Robert M Lawrence

    Dr. Rob Lawrence describes the unique problems associated with crystallization of virus particles and different methods to overcome them.

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/667

  19. When Your Crystals Bite

    14 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials | Contributor(s): George Phillips

    Dr. George Phillips describes properties of crystals such as twinning and other defects and how they can adversely affect crystallographic analysis.

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/666

  20. Optimizing crystallization hits - small to large and large to small

    14 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials | Contributor(s): Joseph Luft

    Joe Luft describes methods for optimizing initial results from crystallization screening trials for both macro and nanocrystals.

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/665

  21. Practical Considerations for Crystallographic Data Analysis

    14 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials | Contributor(s): Tom Grant

    Dr. Thomas Grant explains how crystal quality affects diffraction data and how you can detect and ameliorate problems in crystallographic data.

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/664

  22. Applications of TEM for Evaluation and Optimization of Crystal Growth

    14 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials | Contributor(s): Guillermo Calero

    Dr. Guillero Calero discusses using transmission electron microscopy to characterize, evaluate and subsequently optimize the growth of crystals.

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/663

  23. What is the outcome of your crystallization experiment

    14 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials | Contributor(s): Joseph Luft

    Joe Luft discusses the detection of hits in crystallization screening experiments for both macro and nanocrystals.

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/662

  24. Strategies to sample crystallization space

    14 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials | Contributor(s): Joseph Luft

    Joe Luft discusses crystallization screening strategies to maximize the likelihood of success.

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/661

  25. Fundamentals of Crystal Growth

    14 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials | Contributor(s): Edward Snell, Eaton E Lattman

    Dr. Ed Lattman discusses the foundations of crystallography and theoretical and practical considerations including X-ray radiation and production and crystallization nucleation, growth and …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/660

  26. 2015 HWI Crystallization Workshop

    13 Oct 2015 | Workshops | Contributor(s): Tom Grant, Bill Bauer, Edward Snell

    Crystallization is the major bottleneck to 3D structure determination using X-ray crystallography. In this workshop we will discuss many tenets of successful crystallization for both conventional and …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/659

  27. Using XFELs to measure the solution structures of biomolecules

    13 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials

    Dr. Lois Pollack presents an introduction to small and wide angle X-ray solution scattering techniques and describes the advances made possible by XFELs.

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/657

  28. Single Particle Reconstruction

    13 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials

    Dr. Dilano Saldin discusses recent advances in algorithms for single particle reconstruction from solution scattering data at XFELs.

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/656

  29. Extraction of fast changes in the structure of a disordered ensemble of photoexcited biomolecules

    13 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials

    Using pump-probe experiments of varying time intervals between pump and probe, the method of time-resolved crystallography has given many insights into the fast time variations of crystallized …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/655

  30. Ab-initio phasing using nanocrystal shape transforms with incomplete unit cells

    13 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials

    X-ray free electron lasers are used in measuring diffraction patterns from nanocrystals in the `diffract-before-destroy' mode by outrunning radiation damage. The finite-sized nanocrystals provide an …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/654

  31. Post-refinement method for snapshot serial crystallography

    13 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials

    A post-refinement procedure has been devised for ‘snapshot’ diffraction data consisting entirely of partially recorded reflections, each diffraction pattern from a crystal in an orientation …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/653

  32. Mapping the continuous reciprocal space intensity of X-ray serial crystallography

    13 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials

    Serial crystallography using X-ray free-electron lasers enables the collection of tens of thousands of measurements from an equal number of individual crystals, each of which can be smaller than 1 …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/652

  33. Visualizing a protein quake with time-resolved X-ray scattering at a free-electron laser

    13 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials

    We describe a method to measure ultrafast protein structural changes using time-resolved wide-angle X-ray scattering at an X-ray free-electron laser. We demonstrated this approach using multiphoton …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/651

  34. Double-focusing mixing jet for XFEL study of chemical kinetics

    13 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials

    Several liquid sample injection methods have been developed to satisfy the requirements for serial femtosecond X-ray nanocrystallography, which enables radiation-damage-free determination of …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/650

  35. High-resolution structure of viruses from random diffraction snapshots

    13 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials

    The advent of the X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) has made it possible to record diffraction snapshots of biological entities injected into the X-ray beam before the onset of radiation damage. …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/649

  36. Deducing fast electron density changes in uncrystallized biomolecules

    13 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials

    We propose a method for deducing time-resolved structural changes in uncrystallized biomolecules in solution. The method relies on measuring the angular correlations of the intensities, when averaged …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/648

  37. Serial femtosecond crystallography of G-protein coupled receptors

    13 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials

    G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are eukaryotic membrane proteins that have a central role in cellular communication and have become key drug targets. To overcome the difficulties of growing …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/647

  38. Crystallization of the Large Membrane Protein Complex Photosystem I in a Microfluidic Channel

    09 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials

    Traditional macroscale protein crystallization is accomplished nontrivially by exploring a range of protein concentrations and buffers in solution until a suitable combination is attained. This …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/646

  39. 3D Single Particle Structure Recovery

    07 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials | Contributor(s): Ahmad Hosseinizadeh

    Dr. Ahmad Hosseinizadeh discuss different pathways to recovering the structure of single particles from XFEL snapshots.

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/645

  40. Energy Landscapes

    07 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials | Contributor(s): Ali Dashti

    Energy landscapes and continuous conformational mapping of molecular machines.

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/644

  41. Manifold Embedding

    07 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials | Contributor(s): Peter Schwander

    From single particle snapshots to movies of molecular machines and energy landscapes.

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/643

  42. Angular Momentum Decomposition

    07 Oct 2015 | Teaching Materials | Contributor(s): Dilano Saldin

    Dr. Dilano Saldin discusses using angular momentum decomposition in the analysis of single and multi-particle imaging with XFELs.

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/642

  43. Imaging of Objects by Coherent Diffraction of X-Ray FEL Pulses

    03 Oct 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): Richard Kirian, Henry Chapman

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04507-8_27-1 Richard A. Kirian and Henry N. Chapman Kirian, R.A. & Chapman, H.N., 2015. Imaging of Objects by Coherent Diffraction of X-Ray FEL Pulses. Synchrotron …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/1069

  44. Mapping the conformational landscape of a dynamic enzyme by multitemperature and XFEL crystallography

    30 Sep 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): Daniel A Keedy, Lillian R Kenner, Matthew Warkentin, Rahel Woldeyes, Jesse B Hopkins, Michael Thompson, Aaron S Brewster, Andrew H Van Benschoten, Elizabeth L Baxter, Monarin Uervirojnangkoorn, Scott E McPhillips, Jinhu Song, Roberto Alonso-Mori, James Holton, William I Weis, Axel T Brunger, S Michael Soltis, Henrik Lemke, Ana Gonzalez, Nicholas K Sauter, Aina E Cohen, Henry Van Den Bedem, Robert E Thorne, James Fraser

    Determining the interconverting conformations of dynamic proteins in atomic detail is a major challenge for structural biology. Conformational heterogeneity in the active site of the dynamic enzyme …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/878

  45. Structural and evolutionary relationships of “AT-less” type I polyketide synthase ketosynthases

    29 Sep 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): Jeremy R. Lohman, Ming Ma, Jerzy Osipiuk, Boguslaw Nocek, Youngchang Kim, Changsoo Chang, Marianne Cuff, Jamey Mack, Lance Bigelow, Hui Li, Michael Endres, Gyorgy Babnigg, Andrzej Joachimiak, George Phillips, Ben Shen

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515460112 Jeremy R. Lohman and Ming Ma and Jerzy Osipiuk and Boguslaw Nocek and Youngchang Kim and Changsoo Chang and Marianne Cuff and Jamey Mack and Lance Bigelow …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/931

  46. Structural Basis for Ligand Recognition and Functional Selectivity at Angiotensin Receptor

    29 Sep 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): Haitao Zhang, Hamiyet Unal, Russell Desnoyer, Gye Won Han, Nilkanth N Patel, Vsevolod Katritch, Sadashiva S. Karnik, Vadim Cherezov, Raymond C. Stevens

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m115.689000 Haitao Zhang and Hamiyet Unal and Russell Desnoyer and Gye Won Han and Nilkanth Patel and Vsevolod Katritch and Sadashiva S. Karnik and Vadim Cherezov and …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/934

  47. Towards phasing using high X-ray intensity

    29 Sep 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): Lorenzo Galli, Sang-Kil Son, Thomas R. M. Barends, Thomas A. White, Anton Barty, Sabine Botha, Sébastien Boutet, Carl Caleman, R. Bruce Doak, Max H. Nanao, Karol Nass, Robert L. Shoeman, Nicusor Timneanu, Robin Santra, Ilme Schlichting, Henry Chapman

    X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) show great promise for macromolecular structure determination from sub-micrometre-sized crystals, using the emerging method of serial femtosecond crystallography. …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/958

  48. Molecular architecture of the yeast Mediator complex

    24 Sep 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): Philip J Robinson, Michael J Trnka, Riccardo Pellarin, Charles H Greenberg, David Bushnell, Ralph Davis, Alma L Burlingame, Andrej Sali, Roger Kornberg

    http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.08719 Philip J Robinson and Michael J Trnka and Riccardo Pellarin and Charles H Greenberg and David A Bushnell and Ralph Davis and Alma L Burlingame and Andrej Sali …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/885

  49. Hollow cone illumination for fast TEM, and outrunning damage with electrons

    23 Sep 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): J C H Spence, G Subramanian, P Musumeci

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/48/21/214003 J C H Spence and G Subramanian and P Musumeci Spence, J.C.H., Subramanian, G. & Musumeci, P., 2015. Hollow cone illumination for fast TEM, and …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/862

  50. Image reconstruction in serial femtosecond nanocrystallography using x-ray free-electron lasers

    21 Sep 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): Joe Chen, Richard Kirian, Kenneth R. Beyerlein, Richard J. Bean, Andrew J. Morgan, Oleksandr M. Yefanov, Romain D. Arnal, David H. Wojtas, Phil J. Bones, Henry Chapman, John Spence, Rick P. Millane

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2187610 Joe P. J. Chen and Richard A. Kirian and Kenneth R. Beyerlein and Richard J. Bean and Andrew J. Morgan and Oleksandr M. Yefanov and Romain D. Arnal and David H. …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/965

  51. Strongly aligned gas-phase molecules at free-electron lasers

    17 Sep 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): Thomas Kierspel, Joss Wiese, Terry Mullins, Joseph Robinson, Andy Aquila, Anton Barty, Richard Bean, Rebecca Boll, Sébastien Boutet, Philip Bucksbaum, Henry Chapman, Lauge Christensen, Alan Fry, Mark S. Hunter, Jason E Koglin, Mengning Liang, Valerio Mariani, Andrew Morgan, Adi Natan, Vladimir Petrovic, Daniel Rolles, Artem Rudenko, Kirsten Schnorr, Henrik Stapelfeldt, Stephan Stern, Jan Thøgersen, Chun Hong Yoon, Fenglin Wang, Sebastian Trippel, Jochen Küpper

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/48/20/204002 Thomas Kierspel and Joss Wiese and Terry Mullins and Joseph Robinson and Andy Aquila and Anton Barty and Richard Bean and Rebecca Boll and Sébastien …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/936

  52. Synchrotron topographic evaluation of strain around craters generated by irradiation with X-ray pulses from free electron laser with different intensities

    11 Sep 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): W. Wierzchowski, K. Wieteska, R. Sobierajski, D. Klinger, J. Pełka, D. Żymierska, C. Paulmann, S.P. Hau-Riege, R.A. London, A. Graf, T. Burian, J. Chalupský, J. Gaudin, J. Krzywinski, S. Moeller, M. Messerschmidt, J. Bozek, Ch. Bostedt

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2015.07.115 W. Wierzchowski and K. Wieteska and R. Sobierajski and D. Klinger and J. Pełka and D. Żymierska and C. Paulmann and S.P. Hau-Riege and R.A. London and …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/1082

  53. Structure of the toxic core of α-synuclein from invisible crystals

    08 Sep 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): Jose A. Rodriguez, Magdalena I. Ivanova, Michael R. Sawaya, Duilio Cascio, Francis E. Reyes, Dan Shi, Smriti Sangwan, Elizabeth L. Guenther, Lisa M. Johnson, Meng Zhang, Lin Jiang, Mark A. Arbing, Brent L. Nannenga, Johan Hattne, Julian Whitelegge, Aaron S. Brewster, Marc Messerschmidt, Sébastien Boutet, Nicholas K. Sauter, Tamir Gonen, David S. Eisenberg

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature15368 Jose A. Rodriguez and Magdalena I. Ivanova and Michael R. Sawaya and Duilio Cascio and Francis E. Reyes and Dan Shi and Smriti Sangwan and Elizabeth L. Guenther …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/1091

  54. 3rd BioXFEL International Conference

    08 Sep 2015 | Downloads

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/639

  55. X-ray two-photon absorption with high fluence XFEL pulses

    07 Sep 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): J Hoszowska, J Szlachetko, J-Cl Dousse, W Błachucki, Y Kayser, Ch Milne, M Pajek, S Boutet, M Messerschmidt, G Williams, C T Chantler

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/635/10/102009 J Hoszowska and J Szlachetko and J-Cl Dousse and W Błachucki and Y Kayser and Ch Milne and M Pajek and S Boutet and M Messerschmidt and G Williams …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/938

  56. Real-time observation of the initiation of RNA polymerase II transcription

    02 Sep 2015 | BioXFEL Publications | Contributor(s): Furqan M. Fazal, Cong A. Meng, Kenji Murakami, Roger Kornberg, Steven M. Block

    journal-article http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14882 Fazal, F.M. et al., 2015. Real-time observation of the initiation of RNA polymerase II transcription. Nature, 525(7568), pp.274–277. Available …

    https://www.bioxfel.org/resources/1270